Investment project- Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investment project- Finance - Essay Example Making a portfolio always give something extra ordinary to the investor and investors always like to have making a portfolio, as it not only increase its return but it also decrease the risk association from the same. Passive Investment strategy would be taken into account for the same. Passive investment can also be stated as passive management. It is a financial approach which refers to get hold on active selling and purchase dealings in short term profitability scenarios while having an intension to make investment in secure long term profitability with a minimum usage of resources (John L. Maginn, 2010). The passive investment approach is hugely relied and believes on pre determined strategy where there is no span for any potential anticipation rather strongly belief by fund manager or any financier to invest in long-standing period will be highly cost-effective. The whole stance is to evaluate the investment to its minimum level and to keep away negative impacts in the case of m alfunction in order to appropriately forecasting. Passive management is extremely viable in stock market in which index tracker is used to assess the index for equity market (John L. Maginn, 2010). Now days, it is gaining popularity and also being exploited progressively in other types of investment portfolios include bonds, supplies and hedge funds. The passive investing strategy is comprised under the following points: Maintaining a low cost, and to avoid unnecessary transactions Keep considering all the markets and avoid excessive disclosure to a specific industry Investment in the view of long-standing perspective Average Return of the Stocks Five years of return has been taken into consideration for the same. Average means, mean return which has been analyzed from different angles in total. The average return of all of the five stocks are mentioned below, Â   ANZ Contact Hallenstein SKY CITY Port Of Tarunga NZX 50 MEAN RETURN 15.92% 1.46% 14.90% 4.88% 17.91% 1.23% The mean r eturn of ANZ and Port of Tarunga are two of the major stocks which yields high return in total. The mean return of ANZ is 15.92%, while the mean return of Port of Tarunga is 17.91%. Both of the returns are high in nature. Apart from these two stocks, Hallenstien is yet another stock which has a mean return of 14.90%, while SKY City, Contact and NZX 50 has a mean return of 4.88%, 1.46% and 1.23% respectively. If it is extremely important for Mr. Thompson to put their money in the stocks this yields high return. Leaping over the result right away is not at all a good sign as there are other provisions as well, which could be taken account in the same. If equally dividing the proportion of 2 million then 1/6 = 16.66% would be allocated to each stocks, let’s find the average return in this scenario, = 2,000,000/6 = $ 333,400 In this scenario a net return of 9.38% could be envisaged which increased the financial portfolio of the company to a level of $ 2.18 million. Let’s n ow examine the standard deviation of each stock and then its correlation. Standard Deviation and Correlation Standard Deviation, Sharpe Ratio and Beta are all the same things and it analyze the essence and involvement of risk in a stock. This particular thing would be quite skeptical and important from the standpoint of an investment and analysts always try to enhance their portfolio by analyzing the same thing in total. The computed S.D of all of the

The Napoleonic Era Essay Example for Free

The Napoleonic Era Essay Napoleon’s impact has been so great that an entire historical time period bears his name, the Napoleonic Era. For over a decade, he was to be the master of Europe—but he was also a man. During the Triumvirate and Despotate in 1799 to 1804 CE and 1804 to 1815 CE, respectively, Napoleon made several errors (Rose, 2006). First of all, he suffered greatly due to an impediment at Eylau, Leipzig, Borodino, and the ultimately at Waterloo.   Napoleon’s decision not to establish a treaty with other players such as Austria (in a Paris-Vienna axis) in the balance of power was his first major setback. The treaty could have helped him maintain the power of Britain and simultaneously gain and improve his peripherals and palatinates within Italy. Not only will this improve his power over Italy but also to the Autarchy of Naples, Dutch-Belgian demarcation, the Helvetian Republic and the Piedmont Kingdom. Another mistake that he committed was the two-front war. Napoleon wages war over Russia and Iberian promontory in the year 1807 up to 1814 CE. He even made an error regarding the unity among his troops, which was divided when he appointed four different marshals having different military and social backgrounds. Napoleon also misjudged military activities by the sea, which resulted to a weak line of defense, or no defense at all, from the Mediterranean up to the Atlantic (Coakley, 1992). Second, with regards to economic warfare, Napoleon’s Berlin Blockade, then modified to Continental Blockade, ultimately produced negative effects or results for France, exciting dissidence and unrest. In the east, he failed with a tripartite incursion of the Swedish throne. He also failed with the Ottoman Empire’s symmachia that was directed to Russia. As a result, the attention of Russia was brought upon Napoleon’s intentions, putting him near the edge of winning. Lastly, Napoleon miscalculated the size of the phalanxes at the Russian Campaign (Stocqueler, 1852). This eventually rendered him unable to gain victory over Russia. In the end, all of Napoleon’s mistakes are the fruit of his unwavering ego. References Coakley, T. P. (1992). Command and Control for War and Peace: Diane Publishing Company. Rose, J. H. (2006). The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815: Adamant Media Corporation. Stocqueler, J. H. (1852). The Life of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington. New York: Ingram, Cooke and Co.

Henry Ford :: essays papers

Henry Ford A. Historical Narrative 1.Henry Ford, by far the universe^s most renowned industry man, held a strong grip on American business. The Model t, which was his crown creation and the mass production method he used to produce it, changed the face of the current times and became a temper of the times because it was catchy. He had a blue collar appeal to the majority of Americans, who were just that blue collar, because he succeeded on his own merits. Even with the great wealth he accumulated, he still maintained the support of the common folk. 2. In Helbroner & Singer, Mr. Ford is discussed a great deal in chapter 10 Workers and Work. It is fitting that he be discussed in that chapter, due to the hard workers mentality he maintained and his actions concerning his position on the prices of his cars to fit the wages of his workers. H&S describes one of his greatest contributions as being the creation of the assembly line. This creation as H&S says, ^ deliberately speeded up the pace of work as machinery determined the pace of labor^. It also says, ^ the character of work was changed.^ B. Historical Interpretation 1. The author gives a somewhat normal account of Mr. Ford^s life, by normal I mean similar to other information probably heard in description of his life. What is amusing is chapter 7, which is, entitled Genius Ignoramus. This chapter gives information on some of Mr. Ford^s not-so bright ideas such as; the naval submarine he sought to build, and the three motors each day, and his political aspirations that most people do not know about. All these ventures failed for one reason or another, but did not take away from his overall genius in industry. 2. In chapter 30; Henry Ford: Legend and Legacy the author places Ford on that industrialist pedestal that he belongs on. He concludes that his legacy will go on in the continued production of cars in the mass method, as well as the old car and special interest auto clubs and publications. The author also concludes that if he had died before 1914, after he set sweeping changes in motion he would be even more of an immortal. C. Historical Method 1. The author utilizes several sources such as:

International Police cooperation Essay

The international crime scene recently went agog with the arrest of one James Onanefe Ibori in Dubai. The incident may have been just another routine arrest, except that it was made by the Interpol (international police agency), and the individual in question was a Nigerian. Mr. James Ibori, wealthy politician and former governor of the oil rich Delta state of Nigeria was apprehended in Dubai where he was attempting to evade arrest from his home country Nigeria. The Economic and Financial Crimes commission (EFCC) in Nigeria had declared him wanted in connection with the embezzlement of $290 million dollars during his tenure as governor. Incidentally, the London Metropolitan police had also been hot on his trails for international money laundering. In one of the classic cases of International police cooperation, Mr. Ibori’s detention and eventual trial gives impetus to the global fight against crime. The world has become a global village. And just as we have witnessed dramatic advancement in technology, we have also had commensurate progress in crime and criminality. The scope of crime, whether financial or non financial, transcends borders, culture and creed. And as such any nation attempting to fight crime alone has failed long before it has begun. This is why American president Obama is rallying the entire world to join hands with him in the battle against terrorism. Even the most technologically advanced nation seems helpless when trying to fight crime on its own. In the case mentioned above, three countries are affected by cross border financial crime. In Nigeria, dealing with a man as powerful as Ibori might prove daunting. With his immense wealth and political connections, he has repeatedly evaded the law. Very recently in Nigeria, he had a 170 count corruption charge thrown out of court for insufficient evidence! When declared wanted again, he escaped the country surreptitiously. However, with hard evidence being offered by the London Metropolitan Police, including the freezing of Mr. Ibori’s assets to the tune of $35 million dollars in 2007, vital progress is being made. It should also be noted, that where the Nigerian anti corruption agency, and the London Metropolitan polices’ reach proved limited, the Dubai Interpol stepped in and made International policing one efficient, seamless exercise. Of course the drama is still far from finished, as Ibori has assembled a team of lawyers to fight against his extradition to the United Kingdom to face money laundering charges. What is however some form of consolation is the fact that collaboration in international policing is not only working, but seems to be yielding dividend. There however remain some gray areas that need to be sorted out as we move to achieve a better and more secure world. First, our international borders need to be made more secure, with the relevant security information disseminated expeditiously. How was Ibori able to escape to Dubai? Secondly, the international criminal code needs to be harmonized so that issues of jurisdiction can be worked out. Finally, there is the need for more active involvement by political leaders in the fight against international crime.

Is the truth obscured by language? Essay

Truth is public, independent of anyone’s belief and eternal.1 Language allows us to convey knowledge from one person to another by recording our thoughts and feelings and communicating these to others. However, I think that our knowledge can be affected by our capacity to communicate through language. Truths are obscured and our understanding of them is influenced by the language that they are expressed in. A truth may be deliberately concealed or misrepresented. The context in which it is expressed will also affect our understanding of it. Our understanding of something may be obscured by the ambiguity of language. A word could have a range of meanings. Often the context in which a word is used determines its meaning. We use language differently and respond differently to the various uses of language, depending on the context in which it is expressed. But in some cases, because of ambiguity, it is possible to get confused. If I say, â€Å"Visiting relatives can be so boring† it could mean two different things. I may be expressing that I do not enjoy going over to visit a relative, or that I get bored when relatives come to visit me. Both interpretations are relevant to the same context and thus the possibility of confusion arises from ambiguity. The truth, that is, how I really feel, is obscured when the sentence is interpreted in a different way. The use of language leads to classifications, which determines our attitude and behavior. I think that in the case of generalizations, often the words may not mean anything but it is our conventional reactions, which determine our response towards that which is being generalized. As well as reflecting reality, language may also create it. Blondes are classified as being dumb. This has given rise to the widespread use of the phrase â€Å"dumb blondes† and innumerable â€Å"dumb blonde jokes†. The words create reality to the extent that whenever someone meets a blonde person, his/her initial reaction is that he/she will be dumb. Such stereotypes exist in most aspects of everyday life. They contribute to our opinions and these preconceived notions lead us to make assumptions, which may not necessarily be true. Despite this, we still cling to our notions and as a result, our understanding of the truth has been altered. This also happens when we make inferences and judgments. Whenever we come to a conclusion about something based on what we know, it may not be valid. Once we make our judgment and express it in words, we are forced to think along those lines and reduce the possibility of arriving to a new conclusion. When I say that Jack hurt Jill, we think that Jack, a boy, has physically hit Jill or perhaps has been the cause of emotional pain for Jill, a girl. But the only information presented in the statement is that Jack is a living being and did something that could cause Jill to suffer. Jack and Jill may both be dogs, or Jack may have hurt his dog Jill. We cannot be sure of what the true facts are. Nevertheless, we assume more than the information presented in the statement. Therefore, I believe that language can create and maintain reality and make us believe something even if there is no basis on the true facts. People may deliberately avoid telling the truth and employ language to do so. We say that children tell fibs, accused persons and criminals tell lies, witnesses commit perjury, politicians mislead the people, and lawyers misrepresent the truth. These are all different ways of expressing that a person has said something that is not true. They may do so to persuade others of a certain point of view or win an argument, or simply to sell a product or make a profit. Politicians, particularly, use words, not to enlighten or reveal the truth but often to conceal and deceive. Politicians are adept at using phrases that fall soothingly on the ear but are empty of meaning. These phrases have been so commonly used that they cease to mean something, but they still create the feeling of reassurance and the politicians succeed in gaining the people’s trust. For this purpose, they may use long, hard to define and ambiguous words. Politicians, with the help of the media, have even perverted the meaning of certain words. For example, in the recent refugee situation, through the articles in the newspapers and the statements of various politicians, the people have been led to believe that â€Å"boat-people†, â€Å"refugees†, â€Å"asylum-seekers†, â€Å"illegal immigrants† all mean the same thing. The people assume that all refugees are â€Å"boat-people†, all â€Å"boat-people† are illegal immigrants, and that asylum-seekers have no rights. 2 The word â€Å"freedom† means to be free from political oppression, but now it means freedom from wants and needs, huger, unemployment, illiteracy, sickness, etc. – something promised by the government. The politicians may also use vagueness in language. A statement like â€Å"My government will take strong countermeasures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is vague and does not really promise anything but it gives the effect that they will try their best. Thus, I believe, that language can be used to deliberately conceal the truth. I think that the truth can be obscured by the language in which we express them. The extent to which it is obscured would depend on the context. Classifications would lead us to make assumptions, which may not be true. Our interpretations and the judgments we make from them would create a difference between what is the truth and what we understand from the expression of that truth. People may deliberately use language to obscure the truth. The language of politics is designed to conceal the facts. Advertising misleads the consumer. The truth remains the same. It cannot be changed but it can be misrepresented. I believe that when communicating the truth through language, it is our understanding of the truth, which leads us to believe something that is not true, therefore obscuring the true facts. Bibliography: 1. Philosophy – An Introduction to The Art of Wondering 2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – http://plato.stanford.edu/ 3. Ways of Knowing – An Introduction to Theory of Knowledge. Michael Woodman 4. Thinking About Thinking. Antony Flew 5. Introductory Readings on Language. Wallace L. Anderson and Norman C. Stageberg 6. The Story of Language. Merio Pei 7. A Nice Line in Bigotry [Article] – Philip Adams 8. The Corruption of Language [Article] – Leslie Snyder 9. Perrault’s Durable Myth Cinderella: Female Role Model Propoganda – class handout 1 Ways of Knowing – An Introduction to Theory of Knowledge. Michael Woodman 2 A Nice Line in Bigotry [Article] – Philip Adams

Elizabeth Stanton essays

Elizabeth Stanton essays For ages societies have been divided, placing women in one role and men in another, never to be switched or combined. We can see today in our own society that this is not necessarily the most effective system. At one point in our history, the U.S. did not treat men and women as equals, and it was not until an intense rebellion that basic rights such as to hold property, earn wages, and the right to vote, were granted equally to women as they had been for men. Women were restricted to a life of obedience first to their fathers, then later to their husbands. Elizabeth Stanton was one of the countrys most influential forces in the womens civil rights movement; without her contribution women today might never have come so close to escaping their role as second class citizens. Elizabeth Stantons fight for women-hood began when she left home and married Henry Stanton, an anti-slavery activist. This couple would spend their lives together fighting for the equal rights of all people. After the wedding, from which the word obey was omitted, the Stantons went to London to spend their honeymoon at the Great Worlds Anti-Slavery Convention. Upon seeing that the women in attendance were not seated at the convention, Stanton was convinced of the need for a reform in womens rights. One of Stantons first and most effective moves towards womens rights was the drafting of the Declaration of Sentiments read at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. This document, using the model of the US Declaration of Independence, demanded that women rights as citizens be both acknowledged and respected by society. Though not immediately accepted, the declaration did serve to make womens rights a conceivable objective. This was the beginning of many feminist movements to come. Another significant act for womens rights ...

Activities of an Organization Management Code of Ethics

Activities of an Organization Management Code of Ethics Introduction Corporate social responsibility, which is also referred to as sustainable responsible business or corporate conscience, is a self-regulation mechanism incorporated into the central part of a business. It concerns itself with monitoring and assurance of active obedience with: ethical standards, the general law and the international customs that govern business and non-business activities within an organization.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Activities of an Organization: Management Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethics on the other hand, are the decisions and behaviors of an individual or organization that are considered morally fitting. Johnson and Turner (2009) in their study stated that, â€Å"ethics and corporate responsibility are matters for all firms whether they operate internationally or not†. The basis of this reasoning is the acceptance of the unavoidable â €˜truth’ of relativism in relation to ethics and social responsibility (Iyer, 2000). Validity of statement Taking into consideration what has been mentioned above, an argument presents itself and with it, the question: how valid is the statement of that study? According to the aphorism â€Å"Nemo dat Quod non abeit† which literally means that it is impossible for one to give what they do not have; it follows that, an organization in a third world country may have integrated Corporate Social Responsibility into their mission statement , but lack the capability of following through due to lack of resources. Furthermore, â€Å"going global† brings with it new challenges (Iyer, 2009). Taking a case study example of Bolaji, Nigeria, organizations cannot leave the Corporate Social Responsibility dynamic in the hands of the government because governments in third world countries seldom fulfill the expectations of the people that elected them in. â€Å"The contempor ary third world government need to put in place a working infrastructure that will engender business activities†. (Petkoski and Twose, 2003, p.16) After this is done, the corporate players can then be called upon to give back to the community. Application of theories In order for organizations to be able to effectively and efficiently adhere to the stipulations and guidelines of ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility, several theories need to be applied. More specifically, rights and justice theories need to be taken into consideration.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizations should recognize that their employees and other internal (and external) stakeholders have privileges and rights that go beyond national boundaries and cultures. Managers should be guided by fundamental human rights when making decisions that have ethical constituents (Suder, 2008). Further, justice theories stipulate that economic goods and services should be distributed in a just manner. However, when an organization is engaging in social responsibility and the unequal distribution of goods and services has been viewed to work to everyone’s advantage, then this may be considered as an exception. Corporate governance and its implications to managers When we take a look at the Nigerian Banking system and its Corporate Social Responsibility aspects, we see that it would be necessary for management, more so of the Central bank (as the key player in the economy), to restructure. This would be aimed at comprehensively dividing the roles of management from the management of fiscal policies ultimately creating a more effective social, environmental and economically viable banking system. Drawing from this example we see that, management has the responsibility to clearly outline the corporate structure so as to identify who will be held accounta ble for the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility. Management code of ethics In order for an organization to effectively conduct itself in the required manner, management should adhere to contemporary code of ethics (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2008). These ethics encompass responsibility, respect for people’s rights and dignity and integrity. Management code of ethics focus on four broad areas:Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Activities of an Organization: Management Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managing the organization which involves creating and sustaining a positive work environment, managing the business by maintaining a viable business venture, managing people through maintenance of commitment and engagement and being mindful of human rights and lastly, managers managing themselves effectively so as to avoid bringing about stress related issues. The code of ethics is meant to guide the management and ensure that the organization fulfills its overall commitments with respect to ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Codes organizations must take to make profits Corporate Social Responsibilities are grounded on opposing objectives with the ultimate goals of an organization of profit maximization. However, management should aim at finding the balance between the two objectives. An organization should always strive to adhere to the set out ethical standards because this ultimately increases business efficiency. Being mindful of the environmental and social aspects external to the organization ensures that the presence of the organization is felt in the society. Giving back to the community that enabled your rise to success goes a long way in ensuring that an organization maintains its business. When all this is tied together, we see that adhering to ethics and Corporate Social Responsibilities brings business back to the organizat ions and facilitates profit generation. â€Å"On the macroeconomic level, participation in international business allows firms to achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved in domestic markets†. (Czikota, Ronkainen and Moffett, 2008) It is, therefore, imperative that the ethics adhered to be of international standards. Classical views â€Å"While the work of Smith, Ricardo, and Mill went far in describing the flow of trade between nations, classical theory was not without its flaws†. (Ajami and Gorddard, 2006, p.50) The Friedman doctrine implies that; as long as an organization is operating within the law, then its only social responsibility should be to continue maximizing its profits.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Basically, he argues that managers as agents owe the owner of the corporation, the stockholders, a duty to pursue their interests†. (Crane, 2008, p.138) This is quite misleading because there should be a balance between sole profit making and integration of social and environmental objectives. Cultural relativism suggests that companies should adopt the ethics of the cultures in which they find themselves operating in. This assumption stands to be corrected because in the contemporary world, diverse cultures should all be accommodated. Lastly, the naà ¯ve immoralist argues that a manager should carry him/herself in the manner in which he/she sees the managers of other nations carrying themselves. This implies that, if the managers of other nations are not adhering to the ethical norms, neither should the manager of the multinational firm. This is a very misguided approach considering how stiff the competition is in the global marketplace (Hill, 2005). Bibliography Ajam i, R.A. and Goddard, G.J., 2006. International business: theory and practice. 2nd ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G.A., Knight, G. and Riesenberger, J.R., 2008. International business: strategy, management, and the new realities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Crane, A., 2008. The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility. Oxford Handbooks Online. Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I.A. and Moffett, M.H., 2008. Fundamentals of International Business. Gillingham: Wessex Publishing. Hill, C.W.L., 2005. International business: competing in the global marketplace. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Iyer, G.R., 2000. Teaching international business: ethics and corporate social responsibility. New York, NY: Routledge. Iyer, R., 2009. MBA Fundamentals International Business. New York, NY: Kaplan Publishing. Johnson, D. and Turner, C., 2009. International Business: Themes and issues in the Modern Global Economy. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Taylor and Fran cis. Petkoski, D. and Twose, N., 2003. Public Policy for Corporate Social Responsibility. Washington, DC. World Bank. Suder, G.G.S., 2008. International business under adversity: a role in corporate responsibility, conflict prevention, and peace. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.