Divine Comedy - Autobiographical Journey in Dante’s Inferno Essay examp

Dantes Inferno - Autobiographical Journey The Inferno is to a greater extent than just a fictional story about someone traveling through the universe. It is actually more like an autobiographical journey of life through its author, Dante Alighieris eyes. Written in the early 1300s by a disgruntled Dante living in exile, he literally describes a man who has been trapped, and must sustain a way to escape. Allegorically, hes telling us about the terrible moment of crisis that occurs in each one of our lives when evil inside and outside of ourselves seems to block any hope for further constructive development. Written originally as a long poem separated into cantos or songs, he basically wrote with the personal purpose of recording where all of the people he came in contact within his life, will go when they die. This could be one of ternary places Hell, Purgatory, or Heaven. He went on to design specific, fitting punishments or rewards based on the life each person led. Dante then tied this all togethor and make himself a character that walks the entire length of the conceptualized...

Virtuosity in Othello :: Literary Analysis, Shakespeare,

The character Desdemona in William Shakespeares play Othello holds on to her dignified behavior until the very end, when her life is taken by her grasping husband, is indicative not only of her chaste mind, but also of her virtuous fortitude. Women of that time were largely seen mostly one of two extremes either virtuous or licentious. Desdemonas strength as a virtuous woman are clearly illustrated in two pivotal scenes in Shakespeares play in her poise when confronted with her husbands collapse of his gentlemanly facade and in the dignified way she faces her own demise head-on, feeble on affirmations, yet abounding with grace.In Act 4, Scene 2, Desdemona proves herself as a lady in her discussion with the evil Iago, who, unbeknownst to her, is the cause of her chagrin. Although she bewails that Othello has called her a whore, she herself does not stoop to insults. Proudly, she declares, acrimony may do much and, in a moment of disturbing foreshadowing, states And his unkindness may defeat my life (IV.ii. 164-65). Though virtuous to a fault, she form dignified and affirms, I cannot even say whore. / It does abhor me now I speak the word / To do the act that might the addition earn / not the worlds mass of vanity could make me (166-69).During the tragic conclusion of the play, in Act 5 scene 2, Othello suffocates his adored Desdemona in the erroneous tenet of her infidelity. She nevertheless departs with dignity. She does not wail but instead she merely states O, falsely, falsely murdered (130). One is left to wonder if she is referring to herself or to Cassio regardless, these words are just matter-of-fact and are not the emotion-driven cries one would normally expect from a person facing her own execution. Through her dying breath, Desdemona states clearly, A guiltless end I die (136). Her mistress Emilia, obviously overcome with emotion, pleads to Desdemona to name the killer, crying, Help Help, ho Help O lady, speak again (134) and O, who hath don e this deed? (137).With a quiet composure on her deathbed, Desdemona cryptically tells Emilia, NobodyI myself. Farewell (138). Was she a self-loving character who had the ability to love others unconditionally? Or was she a fool who accepted her worldly fate in the belief that, by doing so, she was being righteous? Othello appears to be more of a weak character to generate to misguided vanity and jealousy than Desdemona in meeting her own end with dignity.

Resurrection and Rebirth in A Tale of Two Cities Essay -- essays resea

A Tale of Two CitiesBy Charles daimonThe motif of resurrection and rebirth pervades in this novel. How does Dickens use this theme? Do these themes of resurrection and self sacrifice and the setting of the French Revolution have anything to do with one another(prenominal)? Why is this the time and dwelling of the novel?Brief Historical BackgroundThe novel, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the onset of the French Revolution, which shook the westward world with its violence and sweet ideas on freedom and the aristocracy. It was a period of major political and social convert in the political history of some(prenominal) France and Europe during which the French governmental structure took on the Enlightenments ideals democracy, citizenship, and inalienable rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, which horrified most of the world, including mass executions and repression during what we now know as the tower of Terror, and warfare involving every other m ajor European power, particularly England.The French Revolution is considered to have begun approximately 1789 and ended around 1799. However, the repercussions of such a change carried over in France for the next 75 years. During that time, France experienced much political turmoil, experiencing different forms of governance including a republic, a dictatorship, a constitutional monarchy and an empire.Brief compose Background and Development of NovelCharles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812. He grew up in a hapless family as one of octette children. His troublesome childhood proved to be the inspiration behind such stories as Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, and David Copperfield. Dickenss composition is slipized by social chiding of the times and is often sympathe... ...ich, although on a superficial level, is nothing like the plight of France. However, with a deeper reading, the two are unmistakably similar. cartonful was a valet de chambre plagued by fe elings of worthlessness and inadequacy. His feelings were momentarily allayed when he fell in love with Lucie Manette, as she made him feel that his life wasnt entirely worthless. This was the beginning of Cartons personal journey to make his life something he valued. His previously stoic and pessimistic character was showed in a more human light, and his character continued to make progress in revealing the true nature of Carton. His journey ended with his sacrifice of his life for the lives of the couple, and it sustain his worth has a person, opus reassuring him of the value of his life and deed, comparing what he did greater and more superior than anything that he has ever known in his life. Resurrection and Rebirth in A Tale of Two Cities Essay -- essays reseaA Tale of Two CitiesBy Charles DickensThe idea of resurrection and rebirth pervades in this novel. How does Dickens use this theme? Do these themes of resurrection and self sacrifice and the setting of th e French Revolution have anything to do with one another? Why is this the time and place of the novel?Brief Historical BackgroundThe novel, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the onset of the French Revolution, which shook the Western world with its violence and new ideas on freedom and the aristocracy. It was a period of major political and social change in the political history of both France and Europe during which the French governmental structure took on the Enlightenments ideals democracy, citizenship, and inalienable rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, which horrified most of the world, including mass executions and repression during what we now know as the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power, particularly England.The French Revolution is considered to have begun around 1789 and ended around 1799. However, the repercussions of such a change carried over in France for the next 75 years. During that time, France e xperienced much political turmoil, experiencing different forms of governance including a republic, a dictatorship, a constitutional monarchy and an empire.Brief Author Background and Development of NovelCharles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812. He grew up in a poor family as one of eight children. His troublesome childhood proved to be the inspiration behind such stories as Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, and David Copperfield. Dickenss writing is characterized by social criticism of the times and is often sympathe... ...ich, although on a superficial level, is nothing like the plight of France. However, with a deeper reading, the two are remarkably similar. Carton was a man plagued by feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy. His feelings were momentarily allayed when he fell in love with Lucie Manette, as she made him feel that his life wasnt entirely worthless. This was the beginning of Cartons personal journey to make his life something he valued. His previous ly stoic and pessimistic character was showed in a more human light, and his character continued to make progress in revealing the true nature of Carton. His journey ended with his sacrifice of his life for the lives of the couple, and it affirmed his worth has a person, while reassuring him of the value of his life and deed, comparing what he did greater and more superior than anything that he has ever known in his life.

The Norm :: essays research papers

Cause and Effect ReportThe NormThroughout history society has changed greatly. However, much has remained untasted by the sands of time. One of the unchanged properties is what society considers the Norm. The Norm, is a set of rules which govern society. It is not a printed document (usually), but only if a commonly accepted set of standards. The Norm is made up by societys perception of what is acceptable. Before we truly get confused with describing the various aspects of normative behavior, it is wise to point out the differences between Norms of the past and the present. In the past, religious beliefs, physical differences, and common misunderstandings contributed greatly to the formation of the Norm. In the present, a world of greater equality and understanding, these factors have less influence. The majority creates the Norm. The Norm is created by every action society makes. Role is an essential aspect controlled by the Norm. For centuries, women of various cultures have been considered to be the house keeper and/or the sole care taker of their children. Women were usually considered as being humble in the past due to the physical strength difference as well as variances between the male and female physique. Role also be the life of men in the past. In many cultures men were valued only by their physical strength, but rarely their intelligence. Childhood is also firmly influenced by the Norm. Because children are considered to be intellectually inferior to adults they were rarely considered to be politically important. That is, until they reached an age when adults finally recognized the efforts and accomplishments and the child was then promoted to a more equal status. We see this same type of behavior even in todays society. Because of their inexperience, the Norm dictates that schooling is required at an earliest age.Sexuality is one of the most complex issues within the Norm. The Norm as it pertains to sexuality is highly influenced by relig ious concepts coupled with the physical tycoon to reproduce. One compliments the other, in this case. Religion acts as a secondary explanation of biology. This causes people to be opposed to deviation from this path.The Norm continues to affect the localization of Role in society. Women are encouraged at a young age to learn home making skills such as cooking on with other house keeping activities. Men, can often be found working in hard labor environments.

Harvest of Joy :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

Harvest of Joy It seemed pretty simple at the beginning. My father showed me how to piddle the soil, to plant the seeds and to water them, and to harvest the vegetables. If I sustained the garden, the garden would sustain me. But my relationship with our garden has grown much more complicated than that. over time, the garden has sustained me more than I have sustained it. In December, my father suffered a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. His heart stopped twice during the operation, and he was not expected to survive. He had an intensive recovery period, and I wanted nothing more than to make him better immediately. His trauma had made me impatient and terrified to hope. I was having trouble waiting for things to unfold naturally and wanted to know what would happen in the end. Simple, everyday decisions or occurrences took on great importance. For six weeks, I was running between the hospital, home and work, between fear and hope, anxiety and joy. One January morning, I went out to the garden to check on a small musical composition of parsley that my father kept covered with blankets to protect it from the snow. It had been neglected since he went into the hospital. When I uncovered it, I was surprised to find bright green and aromatic parsley. I began to become filled with hope that like that small patch of parsley that was still flashing in the winter despite the odds, my father would flourish again as well. By the time spring came, my father was regaining his strength. My father and I tilled and prepared the soil, then began planting the seeds. Though I wanted them to sprout immediately, they had their own timetable. When they finally did, I was so excited to see them pushing their way up through the dirt and climbing towards the sun. We cared for the seedlings, full-grown them manure, aerating the soil, watering them daily, doing everything we could so they would keep growing. But my father would point out that the first rule of gardening is that we are not in control. We can save wait and watch and enjoy each moment. As the plants grew stronger, I felt myself growing stronger as well. Slowly, I was learning to wait and coming to understand that the suppuration process, like life itself, has a force and rhythm of its own, and that I could rely on it.

Harvest of Joy :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

Harvest of Joy It seemed pretty simple at the beginning. My father showed me how to prepare the soil, to plant the seeds and to water them, and to harvest the vegetables. If I produceed the garden, the garden would sustain me. But my relationship with our garden has grown much more complicated than that. Over time, the garden has sustained me more than I have sustained it. In December, my father suffered a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. His heart stopped twice during the operation, and he was not expected to survive. He had an intensive recovery period, and I cherished nothing more than to make him better immediately. His trauma had made me impatient and afraid to hope. I was having trouble waiting for things to unfold naturally and wanted to hunch forward what would happen in the end. Simple, everyday decisions or occurrences took on great importance. For six weeks, I was running between the hospital, home and work, between fear and hope, anxiety and joy. i January mo rning, I went step up to the garden to check on a small fixing of parsley that my father kept covered with blankets to protect it from the snow. It had been neglected since he went into the hospital. When I uncovered it, I was surprised to find bright green and fragrant parsley. I began to become filled with hope that like that small patch of parsley that was still flourishing in the winter despite the odds, my father would flourish again as well. By the time spring came, my father was retort his strength. My father and I tilled and prepared the soil, then began planting the seeds. Though I wanted them to sprout immediately, they had their own timetable. When they finally did, I was so randy to see them pushing their way up through the dirt and climbing towards the sun. We cared for the seedlings, giving them manure, aerating the soil, watering them daily, doing everything we could so they would keep growing. But my father would point out that the first rule of gardening is th at we are not in control. We can only wait and watch and enjoy each moment. As the plants grew stronger, I matte myself growing stronger as well. Slowly, I was learning to wait and coming to understand that the growth process, like life itself, has a force and rhythm of its own, and that I could blaspheme on it.

Kidulthood Essay

Kidulthood is a realist drama set in West Lon acquire, make in 2006. It shows stereotype with teenagers and sexual practice. Stand By Me is a spud about four young teens going on a adventure to find a dead body. This film was made in 1986 but was based in 1959. The four boys lice in a small townsfolk in America. The youth and gender representation of kidulthood is that, it represents girls as organism sex toys and that they need the opposite sex. A character which shows this is Becky (Alisas best friend). She always sells her body to men so that she cornerstone pull in stuff which shows that women are born to do these stuff.For instance in the film she gives an older man a blowjob for drugs. This evidence also shows that she is a sex toy for men. In conclusion Becky represents her gender as being lower than men because of her actions. Sam is the briny antagonists in the film. He is represented as someone who everyone fears inside school and he always goes for someone who is less dominant. He represents his youth by showing that teenagers being a bad citizen close to at that place area and people are non safe around them.My evidence is that he light-emitting diode to two murders in the film, one was Katie because of his demeanour towards her which led her to suicide and at the end of the film he hits Trife in the belly with a baseball chiropteran. He represents his gender as boys being stronger and dominant than girls because he threatened his girlfriend with a baseball bat and he pulled Alisas her towards the end of the film. Overall he represents his youth and gender as boys nature is to be violent and have rough demeanour to girls and separate people in his community.Jay is part of Trifes crew and he often uses women in the film. Jay acts big during the film but is often described as someone who is all talk and no actions. This is shown in the film when he kisses Sams girlfriend and he tells her he is non scared of Sam. But when Sam confronts him, he let him take his Gameboy. Jay represents his youth as teenagers have early sex with each other and this was shown when he tried to seduce Claire at Sams house. to a fault him and his crew pushed Sams mum on the floor which shows that most teenagers dont have respect for people.Also he represents his gender throughout the film by using women showing that boys can treat women however they want without their opinion. In conclusion Jay represents his youth and gender by showing that teenagers have lack of respect and boys can do whatever they want with girls. Chris from Stand by me is from a family who are criminals and alcoholics and most people stereotype about him due to his background. He represents his youth as twelve years old boy who smokes and uses a gun, also he uses foul language most of the time throughout the film.My evidence is that in the beginning of the film him and teddy smoke in the tree diagram house at a young age and he stole a gun from his dad. Also he swore at one of the characters during the end of the film. In conclusion Chris represents his youth as young people always are a bad influence and most youth are always doing these activities not matter what age they are. Maybe for the fact that Chris was bought up in a criminal family could suggest his actions outside which could infer that the representation of youth depends on their surroundings.Also the fact that in Stand By Me they are going on a adventure to find a dead body indicates that they are uninformed to be very excited and interested in a dead body, it also shows their innocence for the fact that they live in a small town where nothing really happens. In the kidulthood poster we see Sam with a baseball bat and standing up showing that he is one of the main villains of film because his position in the poster is more apart from the other characters suggests that everybody is scared of him and the baseball bat shows it.But in Stand By Me the prop is the gun held by Gordie but it does not show danger because he is wearing a cap and a backpack that could indicate that this was used for self-importance defence, rather than the baseball bat in the Kidulthood poster because Sam is wearing a hoodie and his facial expression shows he is proud to have this baseball bat in his hand or in other hand to show this prop was made to harm people. The reason why we dont get a impression that the gun in Stand By Me was made to harm is that the quotes on top of the poster shows their childhood and what they do in keep which is talking about sweets and life.But it could also represent that they act much younger than their age to be talking about is really childish. Furthermore there was no girls in the film Stand By Me which could highlight that the female gender are much more responsible, mature and better gender than them because they would not get involved in dangerous activities like the four boys got into to. Becky however shows the total opposite of what Stand By Me infers, she represents her gender as male being the dominant sex because she used a man to get money.As you can notice in the Kidulthood poster that the characters have no emotions on their faces and the mid(prenominal) shot of the picture shows more of the background which is dark to emphasise that London is not a place you would want to stay in whereas the Stand By Me background is more bright and one of the characters are smiling. The position of Trife and Alisa show a more of a husband and wife pose to indicate their percentage during the film.

Negotiation Simulation Essay

ISLAND CRUISEIntroductionIn this work you pass on participate in a negotiation about a sheet enthrall and its rights to visit a tropical island. You leave alone role-play this negotiation as either the director of the cruise air or the mayor of the island. The issues to be discussed during the negotiation include the number of visits per year that the ship can make, the duration of individual visits, and the volume of passengers allowed to drop off from the ship on each day when it visits. This simulation provides a rich context for a business negotiation in which economic, cultural, and ecological factors all come into play.Background studyThe Island Queen is a insularly owned and holdd luxury cruise ship. Cruise ship passenger demand has steadily fallen over the past a few(prenominal) years due to the poor economy, fear of worldwide terrorism, and recurring cases of the Norwalk virus on cruise ships. Norwalk-like viruses, which fall in afflicted hundreds of passengers on several cruise ships, precedent diarrhea, stomach pain, and vomiting. The Island Queens operations department has decided that adding a new foreign destination to the standard 16-day itinerary pass on help give passenger demand. While m either islands in the surface area argon possible candidates, tropic Island is its first choice due to the islands reputation as an exotic and pristine local anesthetice. tropic Island tropic Island is part of a chain of lush Pacific islands in one of the closely remote spots on earth. At 10 miles wide by 38 miles retentive, the island is not large. However, it is home to an extensive array or rargon and endangeredplant and animal species, m all open up just on Tropical Island. The traditional rural and native culture of the island has lodgeed relatively unchanged over time, exonerateing it the nickname The Last Unspoiled Island.The island is a grand combination of pelting forests, desert lands, waterfalls, and black-and whitesand beac hes. Weather on the island is pleasant year round, with maximum daytime temperatures ranging from 88 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer (May to October) to 80 degrees in the winter (November to April). Night-time temperatures rarely fall below 60 degrees. As a result, the islands tourism, though considered minimal, remains al more or less constant year-round, at about 70,000 visitors per year. nigh 60 percent of the islands 7,000 residents have true Pacific Island ancestry. This makes Tropical Island the only one in the region where true natives are the majority. These natives continue to send the regions old traditions while trying to minimise the influence of the rampant commercialism found on other islands. The devil closest islands are more than 25 miles away and are far more commercialised than Tropical Island.MGB225 duologue Simulation 3 (Assessed) Island CruiseCompared to the other islands in the region, Tropical Island is a quiet and pristine world of breathtaking beauty, where one can easily escape to peaceful solitude or participate in a myriad of outdoor activities. In addition, prices on the island are generally lower than on surrounding islands. As a result, many visitors are actually plagiarize customers, re-immersing themselves in the idyllic lifestyle they know they will find on the island.Typical island activities include surfing, kayaking, fishing, and hiking. Snorkeling and scuba diving are specially striking due to the abundance of giant sea turtles. The island is also home to the longest barrier reef in the region, which stretches 28 miles. Guided hiking tours of the islands extensive rain forests allow visitors to learn about the flora and fauna unique to the region. For the less(prenominal) sure-footed, guided mule rides down thehighest oceanfront cliffs in the world offer dramatic views of the effective coast channel.With only one movie theatre, one public restroom, and no stoplights, the island takes pride in its lack of develo pment. A weekly Saturday morning farmers mart offers a vibrant taste of the rich local heritage. In addition, the islands macadamia nut farm, coffee plantation, and kite factory provide abundant opportunities to research the islands unique character. Dining options cover the full spectrum from inexpensive eateries to extravagant gourmet feasts, complete with traditional native entertainment.In addition to tourism, major industries on the island include fishing, farming, and retail sales. With the collapse of the sugar and pineapple industries in the 1990s, the island has moved to replace these once dominant industries with more diversified aqua-culture and agriculture.Tropical Island is governed by an self-directed council. Residents elect a mayor, who serves a three-year term with a devil-term limit, and an eight-member island council with dickens-year terms. The island council, with flow rate mayor Gil Egan as its representative, is responsible for making all decisions regard ing the island community. Decisions are made by majority vote of the council. The mayor performs the function of tie-breaker when necessary. There are five public and two private schools on the island serving 2,000 students from kindergarten through twelfth grade.Residents desire a college-level education typically move off the island for the duration of their studies. These students rarely return to live permanently on the island. This has been a major concern of the islanders, who beseech to reduce the loss of native residents. Therefore, construction of a local community college is under consideration.Current means for tourists to access the island include small aircraft and small sea vessels. There are also two inter-island flights per day amidst Tropical Island and the surrounding islands, with each flight carrying about 50 passengers. On any presumption day, about 200 tourists arrive or departTropical Island, with a total of 500 tourists on the island at any attached time . Electric baby buggy rentals are available at the airport for transportation around the island.Marine ecological studies performed on Tropical Island by the United Nations International Maritime makeup Agency indicate that for each day a cruise ship operates in Tropical Islands sensitive coastal waters, at least two weeks of undisturbed marine environment must be maintained afterward to avoid permanent ecological damage. Each additional day of operation requires two additional weeks of recovery. The ecosystem, however, is not able to sustain more than five consecutive days of abuse.These figures assume no intentional damage to the ecosystem, such as remotion of coral or wildlife as a result of cruise ship-related tourism. During the time that a cruise ship is anchored near the island, and for four days following its departure, local residents are advised not to fish or swim within a two-mile radius of where the cruise ship had been anchored because of potential health hazards. Th e islands only natural harbour is the best location for anchoring cruise ships. Unfortunately, this two-mile-wide bay is also the islands nigh productive fishing spot.The Island QueenAt 971 feet in length and weighing 91,000 tonnes, the $400 million Island Queen is the largest cruise ship ever to service the Tropical Island region. It accommodates 2,200 passengers and 1,100 crew members. Operation of the Island Queen is handled through Island Queen, Inc., a private corporation. Captain Stuart (Stu) Bing is the director of cruise ship operations for the Island Queen. While he has sole responsibility for negotiating all contracts governing the vessels operation, he lastly answers to the CEO and the board of directors of Island Queen, Inc., regarding all corporate matters.With 10 distinctive restaurants and 14 separate lounges and bars, the Island Queen has a venue for the most discriminating guest. Passengers who desire the uplift of gambling will enjoy the lavish Grand Casino with its glasselevators, floating staircases, stained glass domes, and ocean view windows. The magnificent Riviera Deck, adorned with coruscate pools, bars, hamburger grill, ice cream bar, gymnasium, and spa, is the perfect spot for outdoor activities and food.The Island Queen sets a new standard for luxury cruise ships with its unique alternative 24-hour eat in the panoramic Horizon Court, two theatres, computerised golf, and a library featuring listening chairs for music and audio books. Industry standard venues and amenities such as sideboard meals, theatres, and gyms are included in the price of the cruise. Dining in the more exclusive restaurants and some personal services such as massages and beauty treatments are an additional expense billed separately to the passenger.The standard Island Queen cruise is 16 days and 15 nights. The itinerary consists of five days sailing to the island region, cardinal days visiting various tropical islands, and five days returning to its home p ort. An island visit generally involves passengers disembarking at 8am and returning to the ship by 8pm. On more popular islands, the ship will remain in port for two days. At these ports, passengers may elect to spend the night on the island, but they must return to the ship by 8pm the following evening when the ship sets sail for the next port.Island Queen, Inc., has provided luxury cruises to the island region for over 20 years, but Tropical Island has never allowed cruise ships to visit. For economic reasons, Tropical Island is now considering offering exclusive visitation rights to a cruise line company. Though other cruise line companies are vying for the right to add Tropical Island to their itinerary, the Island Queen is the most luxurious prospect. An agreement with the Island Queen is counted to provide greater income per tourist for the island than an agreement with any of the other cruise lines because of the Island Queens wealthier clientele.During one-day port visits , about half of the ships passengers typically disembark. As the length of stay increases, fewer passengers disembark per day. Those who remain on the ship are an important revenue source as they continue to patronise onboard facilities including the casino, shops, andrestaurants. Island disembarkation agreements are negotiated in increments of 100 passengers. therefrom an agreement for 500 passengers per day would include any number of visitors up to 500. There are currently no island visits longer than two days because this would not leave enough time to visit all the other popular ports. However, a visit longer than two days is certainly possible given sufficient demand.Because there is no suitable deepwater dock on Tropical Island, cruise ships will have to anchor in the ecologically sensitive coastal waters surrounding the island. A smaller vessel must then make multiple trips ferrying passengers back and forth between the ship and the island. The islands harbour area is con sidered the best location for anchoring cruise ships due to its proximity to the main island community.Tropical Island and Island Queen ConcernsLarge cruise ships, like the Island Queen, can gravely impact the local marine ecology during their stay. According to one environmental group, typical cruise ships produce massive volumes of waste, including sewage, nonsewage wastewater or gray water, brace water, oily bilge water, airpollution, solid waste, and hazardous waste, each of which may harm sensitive marine ecosystems like the islands through the addition of calumnious pathogens and chemicals, or the introduction of alien species.1 There are, however, multinational environmental standards under which cruise lines must operate. These standards, set forth in international conventions, work strict guidelines for all commercial vessels, including passenger vessels, to prevent ship-generated pollution for oil, garbage, and waste.2Still, the island community has strong reservation s about allowing cruise- ground tourism because of the industrys dismal character of environmental compliance and poor enforcement of laws regarding ship pollution.There is also concern that a sudden increase in tourism will adversely restore the social makeup of the quiet rural island. Environmentalists point to small islands and towns in Alaska and the Caribbean whose local lifestyle, culture, and economy become crowded out by foreign visitors. The island councils community plan defines its primary economic focus as agricultural industries. Tourism is to be limited to a level that will not adversely affect the communitys traditional, social, economic, and environmental characteristics. An agreement between the Island Queen and Tropical Island must take into account the impact it will have on the traditional lifestyle and customary rights of the native inhabitants.The main reason cruise ship companies have been hesitant to add Tropical Island to their itinerary has been the lack of island alkali to support the needs of a typical cruise ship visit. Too many cruise tourists descending upon the island all at once may flood out existing island facilities, resulting in an unpleasant experience for everyone. The fact that there is only one public restroom on the island is enough to dissuade even the most optimistic tour operator. Limiting the number of tourists disembarking will help preserve the islands natural character and benefit the cruise ship since remaining passengers will spend their money on board the ship.ConclusionTraditional island culture and mores, as well as island law, forbid council members, and Mayor Gil Egan as their representative, from accepting any form of financial incentives, such as bribes, from the cruise lines to gain commercial access to Tropical Island. A respectful and mutually beneficial relationship between Tropical Island and the Island Queen is desirable.Any agreement between Tropical Island and the Island Queen should take in to account the current economic environment, existing resources and foot, tarryed tourism income for both parties, and any damage to local ecology and native culture resulting from added cruise line tourism. International maritime law requires that any agreement between the parties remain in force for six years following its adoption, so it is important to consider pass judgment trends with any agreement since renegotiating in thenear term will be very difficult, if not impossible.CONFIDENTIAL ROLE INFORMATION FOR CAPTAIN STUART BING(From the Island Queen, Inc. mature of Directors)As the director of cruise ship operations for Island Queen, Inc., the table of Directors has appoint you to negotiate with the mayor of Tropical Island, Gil Egan, to secure exclusive anchoring and disembarkation rights to the island.In order to add Tropical Island to the standard 16-day Island Queen cruise, you must remove a current port from the itinerary. This is not a problem because one port is no longer popular among passengers due to recurring outbreaks of a particularly acerbic strain of Hansens Disease (Leprosy) on the island, which has afflicted a number of previous passengers.You are aware that one of your competitors, Island Maid, Inc., has made inquiries to Mayor Egan regarding access to Tropical Island. However, this is a smaller company with an older, less luxurious ship. More importantly, its clientele are mostly middle-class retirees on fixed incomes, who would typically generate less revenue per tourist for the island. On 16-day cruises, an island visit typically lasts only one day. The ship anchors by 8 am, and leaves the same day at 8 pm. Visits to especially popular islands may last two days. Since Tropical Island will be new and unexploited, it is expected to quickly become very popular. An island visit of more than two days is quite rare, but would be a valuable option for the upcoming. While not the most important consideration, you want to be sure plen ty have enough time to really appreciate this beautiful island and feel the cruise was unique and worthwhile.Regardless of the length of a port visit, at most only half of the passengersdisembark per day. Remaining passengers are an important revenue source for the ship because they continue to patronise the ships casino, shops and exclusive restaurants. This is fortunate, because the ferry to the island can only accommodate about 1,100 passengers per day. Thus, there is teeny-weeny value in negotiating daily disembarkation rights for more than this quantity. If a port does not throw off more than 200 passengers per day, it is removed from the itinerary in favor of a more popular destination. It is critical for you to negotiate a deal that allows you to have the prototype number of passengers disembark not too many, nor too few. In fact, this is the most important issue for you.The Island Queen is the only one of Island Queen, Inc.s vessels licensed to operate in the Tropical Is land region. Because it takes about two weeks to prepare the ship for another voyage after a two-week cruise, the maximum trip rate is 12 trips per year. Therefore, there is no benefit to negotiating an agreement for more than 12 visits per year. Because demand fluctuates based on the season, economy, and travel fads, the number of visits to the island per year is not that important to you. As long as each trip is profitable (which it will be if the right number of passengers disembark) you will be satisfied with your agreement.Desert Island is another island in the region that you are considering if you cannot negotiate an acceptable agreement with Tropical Island. While Desert Island is not nearly as pristine and breathtaking as Tropical Island, it does have some redeeming qualities. Like Tropical Island, Desert Island is one of the least commercialised islands in the region and there are currently no cruise ships visiting it. Since the mayor of Desert Island wants cruise tourism to play a significant role in the islands economy, you expect he will be very accommodating regarding the volume of cruise tourism permitted, but he will plausibly not grant exclusive visitation rights. Unfortunately, DesertMGB225 Negotiation Simulation 3 (Assessed) Island CruiseIsland has less tourism infrastructure than Tropical Island and few financialresources to remedy this situation. Your business development department has indicated that it is realistic to expect an agreement with Desert Island for monthly two-day visits of 700 passengers. But, the desolate nature of the island will preclude it from ever attracting enough demand to justify more than just a one-day visit.Since international maritime law makes it nearly impossible to renegotiate agreements for six years from their effective date, you must be careful to ensure that any agreement is plastic enough to accommodate both current and hereafter anticipated passenger demand.Evaluation In order to evaluate the viabi lity of adding Tropical Island to the ships itinerary, the Board of Directors has developed the following guidelines to help you understand their concerns regarding the various options. Your objective is to negotiate the most beneficial agreement for the company.CommentBecause of the logistics and expense of adding Tropical Island to the ships itinerary, it is not viable to schedule less than three visits per year. This would also not provide enough opportunity for expansion should passenger demand exceed expectations. preparedness fewer visits per year with more passengers per visit could be a solution. However, the islands limitedinfrastructure precludes allowing an excessive number of passengers to disembark per visit.If enough passengers were permitted extended rest of two or more days on the island, this option might be acceptable, because it could accommodate anticipated passenger demand for the island.Increasing the number of allowed visits will increase the value of an agr eement, because it provides you with greater flexibility to meet current and anticipated passenger disembarkation demands.The maximum trip rate is 12 trips per year. While current demand may not warrant a trip every month, it is valuable to have this option in order to meet potential future demand.CommentWhile most port visits are currently only one day, market research indicates that passenger demand for Tropical Island will probably exceed the capacity that the island can reasonably accommodate in a single day.The option of a two-day port visit to Tropical Island should meet our anticipated requirements for the next six years considering the islands limited infrastructure.While these options provide additional flexibility, they are not especially valuable because we do not expect passenger demand to justify such extended port visits.MGB225 Negotiation Simulation 3 (Assessed) Island CruiseIssue 3 Number of passengers on prop up per day (in increments of 100 passengers) Passenger s Comment100-200300-600700-1000This level of disembarkation is very restrictive and would require a longer visit many more times a year in order to accommodate anticipated demand levels. The idea of many passengers remaining on the ship to provide additional revenue is tempting. However, if passenger demand were this low, we would remove the port from our itinerary since it is obviously not an attractive destination.While less restrictive, these options are still not ideal considering our anticipated passenger demand. Such a small allocation would require multi-day visits at the expense of other ports. Until we have actual experience with the demand created by Tropical Island, it would be foolish to lock ourselves into such low numbers.Typically, about 700 passengers disembark per day during a two-day port visit. However, these levels would not support anticipated demand for single-day visits.1100This would be the most valuable option because it should be sufficient for all anticipa ted levels of demand for the foreseeable future.1600-2000This level of disembarkation has some value since it provides additional flexibility. However, there is little value in negotiating such a largenumber at the expense of the other two issues, since it is not realistic to expect we will exercise this right in the foreseeable future. About half of our passengers typically remain on-board during port visits to patronize casinos, spas, restaurants, and other revenue centers. This provides a valuable source of income for the ship and we want to maintain this level of ship-board activity. Also, such a large number of passengers disembarking onto the island will likely degrade the facilities making the port less enjoyable for future passenger visits.1200-1500These options provide additional flexibility, yet experience shows it is rare for more than half of our passengers to disembark on a given day for a one-day visit.The Board of Directors requests that you negotiate an agreement pro viding a realistic and flexible path to meet anticipated demand, while accounting for current economic conditions, and the islands lack of infrastructure to support expanded cruise tourism. An acceptable agreement would include monthly two-day visits for 1,100 passengers. Negotiating such an agreement can be expected to ensure your promotion to commodore, and earn you a coveted seat on the Island Queen, Inc. board of directors.If you are unable to secure an agreement with Mayor Egan that adequately addresses our corporate interests, then you are true to pursue a dialog with the mayor of Desert Island in order to secure an agreement more beneficial to Island Queen, Inc.Note Negotiations must be based solely upon information provided in this simulation and no external sources. At the completion of your negotiation, please fill out one negotiation summary worksheet per negotiating dyad and return it to your instructor for discussion.

Brand Community Analysis

cross off Community Analysis As the development of communication technology and orbiculate market, the concept of Brand Community was fist defined as a particularized, non-geographically bound club, based on a structured set of social relationships among admirers of a brand by two social scientists, Albert M. Muniz, JR and Thomas C. OGuinn (2001). This essay will firstly give a brief overview of brand community, and then detail out three main characteristics and further discuss these features of brand community based on the article by Muniz and OGuinn (2001) using the supporters of Manchester United football Club as an example.Brand community is a customer-customer-brand triad. It reflects on a collection of brand-centric social group stressing the theatrical role of brand and the relationship formed by emotion between consumers (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001). Furthermore, McAlexander, Schouten and Koenig (2002) have extended this model to the extent that brand community is actually a customer-centric net profit and aim to provide customer special brand-related consumption experience. They have too emphasized the concept of brand experience in a community.Any brand experience comes from the interaction among members, and at the same fourth dimension customers also construct the meaning of the brand in the process of interaction and experience. Subsequently, by the research in the abandoned Apple Newton, Muniz and Schau (2005) found brand community can be regarded to a kind of religious affiliation. Manchester United Football Club (MUFC) is a famous professional football team founded in 1878 in England. It is the best supported in Europe (Rice, 2009) and probably the most popular football club in the world.According to the article by Cass (2007) from Daily Mail, the number of ecumenic MUFC supporters was closed to 333 million in 2007. In this case, I assume the fans of MUFC all be the members of the club community and they principally consume match tickets and club-related products. Muniz and OGuinn (2001) raised(a) 3 basic characteristics for brand community, like other traditional communities, which respectively were a divided consciousness, rituals and traditions and a sense of moral responsibility. The most important shared consciousness is group awareness.It means there is an implicit relationship between community members and members can be distinct from others. Rituals and traditions is a vital social process. Brand and the meaning of brand community with their history, culture and consciousness can be duplicated and passed on through ritual and traditions. Moral responsibility indicates that community members are liable for for each one other. These 3 characteristics show the nature of brand community. For the sense of consciousness, members feel a great relation toward one another is more important than the partnership to the brand (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001).That is why two main organisations for MUFC supporters in the UK , Independent Manchester United Supporters Association (IMUSA) and Manchester United Supporters Trust (MUST), were established to let like-minded muckle join together and formed local communities. IMUSA has even set up a committee to better represent the interest and voice of supports. Supporters from all close to the world can also just easily use web-based communication tools such as Twitter, Facebook, and forums like MUFC fansforum (http//community. manutd. com/forums/) to share updated news and maintain connections.On the other hand, members, also set them apart from others and makes them similar to one another Muniz and OGuinn (2001) claimed, especially try to distinct them from the main competitive brand in the market. This regards to oppositional brand loyalty. In this MUFC case, the oppositional brand is its main rivalry in the Premier league located in the same city Manchester City Football Club (MCFC). Fans from MUFC always disunite them against MCFC supporters. Member s accustomedly said MCFC is built by money, just an upstart and a noisy neighbour.Most of the community members despise this kind of team because they think MUFC has the glories that MCFC lack of and embodies the displeasure and excitement of the worlds most popular sport (Hill and Vincent, 2006). Muniz and OGuinn (2001) indicated rituals and traditions focus on sharing consumption experience with the brand. Supporters sing several specific songs during the match regarding to varied circumstances to encourage and cheer the team. Those songs have already scram a kind of spiritual symbol of the MUFC brand, and therefore will be passed on each time they are sung in matches.Celebrating the history of the brand is crucial for maintaining community and reproducing culture (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001). For the MUFC community, the most vital history is the trophies they gained. After MUFC won their 19th English hand league title last season, the Barclays Premiership Trophy Cup was being de monstrated around the world for the whole summer in 2011. This tour is not only presenting the precious trophy cup to supporters but also a promotion of the great history of MUFC to further raise account and attract new members.Sharing brand stories is another important means of maintaining and creating community (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001). MUFC fans always mention either face to face or on internet about the classic victory of the champion league final in 1999 in Munich. This can be related to viral marketing by which positive image and consciousness of the brand and community can be delivered through word of mouth or improved by the internet network effects. The sense of moral responsibility is what produces collective action and contributes to group cohesion Muniz and OGuinn (2001) said.There are two traditional shared missions intergrading and retaining members and assisting members in the proper use of the brand. Firstly, it is crucial to retain existing members and obtain new o nes. The fundamental way for MUFC to save and fascinate supporters is to keep winning. Getting consistent good record and report will really help the brand to attract and retain members. MUFC also gives discount to the existing official members to renew their membership and buy season tickets in the following year. Thus members can gain benefit from their loyalty.Secondly, moral responsibility also provides assistant normally in problem solving and shares brand-related information. For instance, members share exile information in away games on fansforum. In conclusion, the notion of brand community has been extended in recent years and become a usual marketing phenomenon. The three key characteristics represent the essence of brand community and each of them has its own manifestation. Due to the improvement of communication way, members of brand community are more convenient to communicate and the brand is also easier to build connection with customers and create brand communities .Looking to the future, I believe brand community will become a crucial and staple marketing strategy. Reference Cass, Bob (2007). United moving down south as fanbase reaches 333 million. Daily Mail (London Associated Newspapers) 15 December 2007. Manchester United official fansforum http//community. manutd. com/forums/t/84281. aspx Manchester United Membership benefit http//www. manutd. com/en/One-United/Member-Benefits. aspx McAlexander, J H, Schouten , J W, and Koenig , H F. Building brand communityJ . Journal of merchandising Jan 2002 66, 1 ABI/INFORM Global p. 8 Muniz Albert M. younger and Thomas C. OGuinn (2001), Brand Community, Journal of Consumer Research March 2001 27, 4 ABI/INFORM Global p. 412 Muniz Albert M. Jr. and Schau, H J. (2005), Religiosity in the Abandoned Apple Newton Brand Community, Journal of Consumer Research Mar 2005 31, 4 ABI/INFORM Global p. 737 Rice, Simon (6 November 2009). Manchester United top of the 25 best supported clubs in Europe. The Independen t (London Independent Print). Vincent, John, Hill, John S. (2006) Globalisation and sports branding the case of Manchester United.

Themes in Tale of Two Cities

?Throughout Charles Dickens Tale of deuce cities, a few antithetical themes can be easily spotted. The biggest prevailing theme in the book would pay off to be the 99% vs the 1% elite. This is when the poor oppressed people have had enough of the pissed elite controlling them, and they ban together and rise up against it. In desperate times like revolution, you often find two or often unexpected partners, or totallyies. It is almost as if the revolution and arise causes some bond amongst the people revolting, giving them extreme focus and teamwork.In normal circumstances, you talent expect a woman like Madame Defarge to be a quiet mellow woman, but get her in a revolution and she turns in to a fiery death machine. Themes like these can compose be spotted today, and most of the same rules apply. One example in the most is the revolution and revolution in Syria. This is virtually a near exact juvenile example of something that Charles Dickens wrote in Tale of Two Cities 100 years ago. This proves the themes, and subplots found in his books are just as real today, as they were cover charge then. Syrian people where being horribly mistreated, to the point of thousands dying.You could draw a parallel in the midst of Syrias leader Assad and the Marquis in St. Antoine. Both these leading oppressed the people, and did nothing to stop widespread poverty and hunger, while still pretending everything in the country is perfect. This makes it clear that evil leaders, and tyrants will always be the same they are blind to the trouble they cause. Throughout the theme of social oppression, it also brings you to blemish the strong family links and ties within the book. It focuses strongly on the different links within the family, while the opposing family is trying hard to break that link.While we may not see families killing each other nowadays, some relevance to it can still be seen. One example is the strong link between Darnay and Lucie benignant each other so dearly, while her dad is short shocked she is married to a man that helped throw him in prison. Things like this are still found today, and it isnt uncommon to hear about fights between in-laws. People still tend to hold grudges from the past and cause it to affect their opinions and decisions in the future, much like the theme in Tale of Two Cities.So all in all, it can be said there is definite evidence of themes Charles Dickens wrote about, in the modern world. The reason for this is that the mentality of people often doesnt change much over time. A tyrant leader will always be a tyrant, and indignant in-laws will always be angry in-laws. This is simply the human nature, and it likely wont fade anytime too soon. While we ability not go physically cutting peoples heads of, Charles Dickens theme of social injustice is very relevant today.Themes in Tale of Two CitiesThroughout Charles Dickens Tale of Two cities, a few different themes can be easily spotted. The biggest prevai ling theme in the book would have to be the 99% vs the 1% elite. This is when the poor oppressed people have had enough of the wealthy elite controlling them, and they ban together and rise up against it. In desperate times like revolution, you often find two or more unexpected partners, or allies. It is almost as if the revolution and uprising causes some bond between the people revolting, giving them extreme focus and teamwork.In normal circumstances, you might expect a woman like Madame Defarge to be a quiet mellow woman, but get her in a revolution and she turns in to a fiery death machine. Themes like these can still be spotted today, and most of the same rules apply. One example in the most is the revolution and rebellion in Syria. This is virtually a near exact modern example of something that Charles Dickens wrote in Tale of Two Cities 100 years ago. This proves the themes, and subplots found in his books are just as real today, as they were back then. Syrian people where be ing horribly mistreated, to the point of thousands dying.You could draw a parallel between Syrias leader Assad and the Marquis in St. Antoine. Both these leaders oppressed the people, and did nothing to stop widespread poverty and hunger, while still pretending everything in the country is perfect. This makes it clear that evil leaders, and tyrants will always be the same they are blind to the trouble they cause. Throughout the theme of social oppression, it also brings you to recognize the strong family links and ties within the book. It focuses strongly on the different links within the family, while the opposing family is trying hard to break that link.While we may not see families killing each other nowadays, some relevance to it can still be seen. One example is the strong link between Darnay and Lucie loving each other so dearly, while her dad is utterly shocked she is married to a man that helped throw him in prison. Things like this are still found today, and it isnt uncommo n to hear about fights between in-laws. People still tend to hold grudges from the past and cause it to affect their opinions and decisions in the future, much like the theme in Tale of Two Cities.So all in all, it can be said there is definite evidence of themes Charles Dickens wrote about, in the modern world. The reason for this is that the mentality of people often doesnt change much over time. A tyrant leader will always be a tyrant, and angry in-laws will always be angry in-laws. This is simply the human nature, and it likely wont fade anytime too soon. While we might not go physically cutting peoples heads of, Charles Dickens theme of social injustice is very relevant today.